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Diacetyl, an organic chemical known to cause serious respiratory illnesses, has been found in over 75% of e-cigarettes. Two other potentially harmful ingredients have been detected in flavored e-cigarette refill liquids.
Electronic cigarettes and flavored liquids used to refill them contain diacetyl, which can lead to serious respiratory illnesses, according to Harvard University researchers. This confirms previous OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) warnings that diacetyl contributes to the development of bronchiolitis obliterans.
Popcorn lung disease
Bronchiolitis obliterans was first reported in workers inhaling the aroma of artificial butter on popcorn production lines. Hence the common name "popcorn lung."
Over a decade ago, "popcorn lung" was discovered, and the dangers of inhaling artificial flavors were recognized. Diacetyl and other similar flavors are used not only in popcorn, but also in fruity and alcoholic flavors, and—as we learned from our research—in candy-scented e-cigarette liquids ," explains Professor Joseph Allen, the lead author of the study.
Testing leading e-cigarette brands
Professor Allen's team tested 51 leading brands of e-cigarettes and their refill liquids. They searched for compounds suspected of causing respiratory illnesses in workplaces, such as diacetyl, acetoin, and 2,3-pentanedione. The e-cigarettes were placed in a chamber equipped with a special device. This sucked smoke from the cigarette tip and released it into the chamber. Repeated tests were conducted, lasting an average of 8 seconds. After each cycle, the airflow in the chamber was analyzed.
75% of e-cigarettes "infected"
Forty-seven of the 51 cigarettes tested were found to be contaminated with chemicals. Diacetyl was detected in 39 cigarettes, acetoin in 46, and 2,3-pentanedione was found in 23 e-cigarettes.
"Since most concerns about the health effects of e-cigarettes have focused on nicotine, there's much we don't know about electronic cigarettes. Besides containing varying amounts of nicotine, they can also contain other carcinogens, such as formaldehyde and—as our research has shown—flavored chemicals that can damage lungs, " says Professor David Christiani.
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